LEGAZPI CITY, Albay – Mayon Volcano remains at Alert Level 3 as of March 15, 2026, due to intensified unrest characterized by lava effusion, volcanic earthquakes, and high sulfur dioxide emissions, according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). The agency is maintaining its warning against entry into the 6-kilometer radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and advising pilots to avoid flying close to the volcano.
Mayon's Increased Volcanic Activity
In its 24-hour observation bulletin, PHIVOLCS reported lava effusion with lava flow on the Basud (3.8 km), Bonga (3.2 km), and Mi-isi (1.3 km) gullies. Minor episodic strombolian activity was also observed. These events indicate ongoing magmatic unrest within the volcano.
The volcano's seismic activity has been significant, with 279 volcanic earthquakes recorded within a 24-hour period. Additionally, 324 rockfalls and three pyroclastic density current (PDC) signals were detected. No earthquakes had enough data to be located precisely.
Crater glow was observed to be fair with the naked eye. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux was measured at 2430 tonnes per day on March 14, 2026, indicating a substantial release of volcanic gases.
The volcano's plume was obscured during the observation period. Ground deformation data indicates that the volcano edifice is inflated.
Alert Level 3 Implications
Alert Level 3 signifies an increased tendency towards a hazardous eruption. This means that a dangerous eruption is possible within weeks or even days. The continued lava effusion and high levels of sulfur dioxide emission are key indicators of this heightened risk.
PHIVOLCS reiterates its recommendation that no one should enter the 6-kilometer radius PDZ to avoid potential hazards like rockfalls, landslides, avalanches, ballistic fragments, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, and moderate-sized explosions. The agency also warns of potential lahars during heavy and prolonged rainfall.
Potential Hazards and Safety Measures
For residents in Negros Oriental and elsewhere in the Philippines who may be affected by ashfall from a potential eruption, PHIVOLCS recommends taking the following precautions:
- Stay indoors as much as possible.
- If you must go outside, wear a mask and long-sleeved clothing.
- Keep windows and doors closed to prevent ash from entering your home.
- If you have respiratory problems, consult a doctor immediately.
Lahars, flows of mud and volcanic debris, are a significant threat in areas surrounding Mayon Volcano, especially during periods of heavy rainfall. These flows can travel rapidly and cause significant damage to infrastructure and property. Residents in low-lying areas near river channels should be particularly vigilant during heavy rainfall and be prepared to evacuate if necessary.
Official Statements and Response
PHIVOLCS continues to closely monitor Mayon Volcano and will provide updated information as the situation evolves. The agency urges the public to remain vigilant, heed warnings from local authorities, and be prepared to evacuate if necessary. The latest updates and advisories can be found on the PHIVOLCS website (www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph) and its official social media accounts (@phivolcs_dost).
Local government units in Albay province are actively preparing for potential evacuation scenarios. Evacuation centers are being readied, and emergency response teams are on standby. Public information campaigns are underway to educate residents about the risks associated with Mayon Volcano and the appropriate safety measures to take.
Mayon Volcano: A History of Eruptions
Mayon Volcano is one of the Philippines' most active volcanoes, known for its perfectly symmetrical cone shape. It has a long history of eruptions, with the most destructive occurring in 1814. That eruption buried the town of Cagsawa, killing an estimated 1,200 people. Since then, there have been numerous other eruptions of varying intensity.
The last major eruption of Mayon Volcano occurred in 2018, prompting the evacuation of thousands of residents. The eruption produced lava flows, ashfall, and pyroclastic density currents. While less destructive than the 1814 eruption, it still caused significant disruption and highlighted the ongoing threat posed by the volcano.
Looking Ahead: Monitoring and Preparedness
PHIVOLCS will continue to maintain a close watch on Mayon Volcano's activity. The agency utilizes a variety of monitoring techniques, including seismic monitoring, gas measurements, ground deformation surveys, and visual observations, to assess the volcano's condition and detect any changes that may indicate an impending eruption.
The current Alert Level 3 status indicates a significant level of risk, and residents near the volcano should remain prepared for possible evacuation. Local authorities are coordinating with national agencies to ensure that adequate resources are available to respond to any emergency. Continuous public awareness campaigns are crucial in keeping the population informed and prepared.
The situation surrounding Mayon Volcano serves as a reminder of the importance of disaster preparedness in the Philippines. Negros Oriental, although geographically distant from Albay, is also susceptible to natural hazards such as typhoons, earthquakes, and landslides. Strengthening community resilience and promoting disaster risk reduction measures are essential for protecting lives and property throughout the country.
Photo credit: Photo from PHIVOLCS